| 1206 |
Chinggis Khaan calls a massive conclave at Kherlen River and creates his empire to which he gives the name Great Mongol Nation. |
| 1235 |
Ugodei Khaan completes the imperial capital at Kharakhorum. In addition to a great palace, the city has Muslim mosques, Christian churches and Buddhist temples. |
| 1260 |
The end of Mongol expansion with their defeat by the Mamluk army of Egypt at the Battle of Ayn Al- Jalut near the Sea of Galilee. |
| 1271 |
Khubilai Khaan claims the office of Great Khaan and also makes himself Emperor of China by founding the Yuan dynasty. |
| 1368 |
Yuan dynasty collapses in China but the Mongol government return to Mongolia refusing to submit to the newly created Ming dynasty. They continue ruling as the Northern Yuan. |
| 1448 |
Birth of Mongolia’s greatest queen, Mandukhai the Wise, who reunites Mongolia by the end of the century. |
| 1449 |
Esen Taishi defeats the Chinese and captures the Ming emperor. His reign marks the rise of western Mongolia and the Oirat people as major powers of Inner Asia. |
| 1585 |
Founding of Erdene Zuu, first Buddhist monastery in Mongolia, at the site of the Mongol capital, Kharakhorum. |
| 1603 |
A descendant of Chinggis Khaan and great grand-son of Queen Mandukhai is enthroned in Lhasa Tibet as the fourth Dalai Lama, the only Mongolian Dalai Lama. |
| 1634 |
Death of Ligden Khaan, the last of Chinggis khaan’s descendants to rule as Great Khaan. Eastern Mongolia becomes part of the Manch empire, but western Mongolia holds out. |
| 1911 |
Mongolia declares independence from the dying Manchu empire and sets up religious leader Bogd Khaan as the head of state. |
| 1921 |
The mad Russian baron, Ungern von Sternberg, briefly conquers Mongolia but the Red Army and Mongolian forces under D. Sukhbaatar defeat him. |
| 1924 |
The Bogd Khaan, the eighth reincarnation of the Jebtzun Damba, dies, the People’s Republic of Mongolia is created on 26 November. |
| 1990 |
Democracy demonstrations break out in Ulaanbaatar. The Soviets begin withdrawal in March, and in June the first free, multiparty elections are held, with the Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party winning 85% of the vote. |
| 1996 |
First noncommunist government is elected in Mongolia. |
| 2000 |
The ex-communist is returned to office. |
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